What to Plant in Your First Garden (and How to Decide)

Starting your first garden is an exciting journey, but picking the right plants can feel overwhelming. Every plant needs the basics — soil, water, and light (check out this post for more info on that) — but there are a few garden-specific factors to consider when making your selection.

I can’t exactly give you a list of the plants that will work where you live but I can help you to know what to look for in your search! This is what I consider when I am choosing plants that will thrive in my unique space.

1. Know Your Soil

Your soil type plays a big role in what plants will thrive. Hard, clay-heavy soil holds moisture and can be tough for roots to push through, while soft, sandy soil drains quickly but doesn’t hold nutrients as well. A simple squeeze test can tell you a lot — clay soil sticks together, while sandy soil crumbles apart. Amending your soil can improve its quality, but choosing plants suited to your natural soil will give you the best chance at success.

2. Understand Your Grow Zone

Grow zones, also known as hardiness zones, define how long your growing season is based on average temperatures. The USDA divides the U.S. into Zones 1-11, with Zone 1 being the coldest and Zone 11 the warmest. Knowing your zone helps you pick plants that can survive your local climate. You can look up your zone online or ask your local extension office for help.

3. Rainfall and Water Needs

Pay attention to how much rain your area gets during the growing season. If you live in a dry climate, drought-tolerant plants like lavender or succulents may be a better fit. On the flip side, if you get plenty of rain, leafy greens and herbs will thrive with minimal extra watering. It’s okay to have some plants you need to water but bear in mind that water can cost more in dry environments and some areas have regulations regarding water usage in the summer.

4. What Do You Want to Grow?

Are you dreaming of fresh vegetables, fragrant flowers, or a little of both? Deciding what you want out of your garden will narrow down your plant choices. Edible plants like tomatoes and peppers are rewarding, but flowers can add beauty and attract pollinators that help your whole garden thrive. I always recommend a little bit of both but if you are only interested in beautiful flowers don’t waste your time fighting tomato worms!

5. Annuals vs. Perennials

Do you want plants that keep coming back year after year, or are you happy to replant every season? Annuals like zinnias or tomatoes grow quickly and bloom for one season, while perennials like lavender and strawberries take longer to establish but return each year. A mix of both can give your garden steady color and produce without constant replanting. Some plants, like peppers, are only perennials in certain zones!

As long as you consider these factors, you will be setting yourself up for a successful and lush garden. Trust yourself and remember it is always okay to make mistakes. Just have fun!